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Journal of Career Development
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The Journey of the Counselor and Therapist: Research Findings and Perspectives on Professional Development

Michael H. Rønnestad

Michael Helge Rønnestad, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1094, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway; e-mail: helge.ronnestad@ psykologi.uio.no

Thomas M. Skovholt

University of Minnesota

This article summarizes a reformulation of the main findings and perspectives from a cross-sectional and longitudinal qualitative study of the development of 100 counselors and therapists. The results are presented as a phase model and as a formulation of 14 themes of counselor/therapist development. The following six phases are described: The phases of the lay helper, the beginning student, the advanced student, the novice professional, the experienced professional, and the senior professional. The themes describe central processes of counselor/therapist development. The themes are addressing different issues such as shifts in attentional focus and emotional functioning, the importance of continuous reflection for professional growth, and a life-long personal/profession integration process. Sources of influence for professional functioning and development are described. The results show consistently that interpersonal experiences in the personal life domain (early family life

Key Words: career development • counselor development • professional development • psychotherapist development • burnout.

Journal of Career Development, Vol. 30, No. 1, 5-44 (2003)
DOI: 10.1177/089484530303000102
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